Walkie talkies, also known as two-way radios, are commonly found in department stores, particularly in the electronics or toy aisles. These walkie talkies are typically classified as personal radios and are designed for individual use. In this article, we will explore the distinctions between the three most popular short-range radio services: FRS, GMRS, and MURS.
1. Family Radio Service (FRS):
FRS radios are the most common type of walkie talkies found on store shelves. They are affordable and meant for basic operations. FRS radios operate on either 2W or 0.5W of output power, which determines their range. In theory, a 2W FRS radio can reach a maximum range of 2 miles. However, in urban areas with obstacles like buildings and vehicles, the range may be limited. FRS radios can operate on either VHF or UHF bands, but the number of obstacles doesn't significantly affect their overall range.
One reason FRS radios are readily available is because they are license-free. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has regulated the frequencies and operation of FRS radios, allowing anyone to use them without certification. FRS radios are only available as handheld devices and cannot be installed in vehicles. They can be used for business purposes.
2. General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS):
GMRS radios share some channels and frequencies with FRS radios, but they offer additional features. To operate GMRS radios, users are required to obtain a license from the FCC. However, a single license can cover an entire family. Businesses are not allowed to use GMRS radios without a license and may face significant fines if caught.
In 2017, the FCC introduced new rules for GMRS operation, extending the validity of a user's license to ten years. GMRS radios also have advanced features such as the ability to transmit data like GPS locations or short text messages. These features are typically found in professional/business or amateur radios, such as those produced by Icom. GMRS radios are available as handheld devices as well as mobile units that can be installed in vehicles. The mobile units have a higher output power of up to 50W, resulting in a significantly better range compared to handheld devices.
3. Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS):
MURS radios function similarly to FRS radios but have some distinct characteristics. They do not require a license to operate and have a maximum output power of 2W, offering a range of approximately 2 miles. However, MURS radios can be programmed to have private channels, preventing other MURS radios from listening in. They operate on five specific VHF frequencies: 151.820 MHz, 151.880 MHz, 151.940 MHz, 154.570 MHz, and 154.600 MHz. These frequencies are dedicated to MURS conversations, ensuring that FRS or GMRS radios cannot interfere with MURS communications. This feature is particularly useful for businesses using MURS radios, as it enhances security and prevents unauthorized access to conversations.
In summary, walkie talkies are available in various types, including FRS, GMRS, and MURS radios. FRS radios are commonly found in department stores and are license-free, while GMRS radios require a license and offer more advanced features. MURS radios, like FRS radios, are license-free but have programmable private channels for added security. Each type of walkie talkie serves different purposes and is suitable for various scenarios.